Urban and Regional Planning is an interdisciplinary discipline that encompasses both urban design and urban planning and has historically taken a top-down approach to the physical development of human settlements. The design aspects include creating and moulding the physical qualities of urban and rural areas, as well as planning for municipal service delivery to improve inhabitants’ health and well-being while adhering to sustainability requirements. The planning component is concerned with the planning, development, and design of land use and the built environment (planning methodologies, zoning codes, and policies), as well as efficient transportation, resources, waste disposal, and basic infrastructure such as water, communication networks, electricity, and CO2–free air. To accomplish their goals, practitioners of urban and regional planning draw on a variety of disciplines, including architecture, landscape design, civil engineering, municipal engineering, estate development, sociology, law, urban geography, physical geography, human geography, urban economics, and other related disciplines such as social (political science, political economy, and social theory), behavioral, and natural sciences.
